According to biosocial theory, behavior results from a complex interplay between biology and environment.

• A. It is determined solely by genetics.
• B. A complex interplay between biology and environment.
• C. Behavior is random.
• D. Cultural norms alone determine behavior.

Answer: (B)

Biopsocial theory centers on how biology and environment constantly shape each other to produce behavior. Biological factors like genetics, brain function, and hormones set tendencies and sensitivities, while the social and physical environment—family, peers, culture, stress, learning experiences—modulates how those tendencies are expressed. Because of this back-and-forth influence, behavior isn’t determined by biology alone, nor is it random or driven solely by culture. The best description is a complex interplay between biology and environment, where both shape and are shaped by the other in context-specific ways. For example, someone may have a genetic predisposition related to arousal, but supportive relationships and learning strategies can modify how that tendency manifests.